COMMANDS FOR MOVING
beginning-of-line (C-a)
Move to the start of the current line.
end-of-line (C-e)
Move to the end of the line.
forward-char (C-f)
Move forward a character.
backward-char (C-b)
Move back a character.
forward-word (M-f)
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
backward-word (M-b)
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are
composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
shell-forward-word
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by
non-quoted shell metacharacters.
shell-backward-word
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are
delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
clear-screen (C-l)
Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With
an argument, refresh the cur‐ rent line without clearing the screen.
redraw-current-line
Refresh the current line.
COMMANDS FOR MANIPULATING THE HISTORY
accept-line (Newline, Return)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the
HISTCONTROL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then
restore the history line to its original state.
previous-history (C-p)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the
list.
next-history (C-n)
Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the
list.
beginning-of-history (M-<)
Move to the first line in the history.
end-of-history (M->)
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being
entered.
reverse-search-history (C-r)
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the
history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
forward-search-history (C-s)
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line using
a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)
Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a
string supplied by the user.
history-search-forward
Search forward through the history for the string of characters between
the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental
search.
history-search-backward
Search backward through the history for the string of characters between
the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental
search.
yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second
word on the previous line) at point. With an argument n, insert the nth
word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin
with word 0). A negative argument inserts the nth word from the end of
the previous command. Once the argument n is computed, the argument is
extracted as if the "!n" history expansion had been specified.
yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)
Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave exactly like
yank-nth-arg. Successive calls to yank-last-arg move back through the
history list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the
argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument
supplied to these successive calls determines the direction to move
through the history. A negative argument switches the direction through
the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used
to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
shell-expand-line (M-C-e)
Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and history
expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See HISTORY
EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion.
history-expand-line (M-^)
Perform history expansion on the current line. See HISTORY EXPANSION
below for a description of history expansion.
magic-space
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See
HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion.
alias-expand-line
Perform alias expansion on the current line. See ALIASES above for a
description of alias expansion.
history-and-alias-expand-line
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)
A synonym for yank-last-arg.
operate-and-get-next (C-o)
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative
to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is
ignored.
edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as
shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke $VISUAL, $EDITOR, and emacs as
the editor, in that order.
COMMANDS FOR CHANGING TEXT
end-of-file (usually C-d)
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by ``stty''.
If this character is read when there are no characters on the line, and
point is at the beginning of the line, Readline interprets it as the end
of input and returns EOF.
delete-char (C-d)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the same
character as the tty EOF charac‐ ter, as C-d commonly is, see above for
the effects.
backward-delete-char (Rubout)
Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument,
save the deleted text on the kill ring.
forward-backward-delete-char
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end
of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is deleted.
quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert
characters like C-q, for example.
tab-insert (C-v TAB)
Insert a tab character.
self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)
Insert the character typed.
transpose-chars (C-t)
Drag the character before point forward over the character at point,
moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then
this transposes the two characters before point. Negative argu‐ ments
have no effect.
transpose-words (M-t)
Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point over
that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
upcase-word (M-u)
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
downcase-word (M-l)
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
capitalize-word (M-c)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
overwrite-mode
Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only emacs mode;
vi mode does overwrite differently. Each call to readline() starts in
insert mode. In overwrite mode, characters bound to self-insert replace
the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. Characters
bound to backward-delete-char replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
KILLING AND YANKING
kill-line (C-k)
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
unix-line-discard (C-u)
Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text
is saved on the kill-ring.
kill-whole-line
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
kill-word (M-d)
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to
the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
forward-word.
backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)
Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used
by backward-word.
shell-kill-word
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to
the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
shell-forward-word.
shell-backward-kill-word
Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used
by shell-backward-word.
unix-word-rubout (C-w)
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
unix-filename-rubout
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
delete-horizontal-space (M-\)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
kill-region
Kill the text in the current region.
copy-region-as-kill
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
copy-backward-word
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are
the same as backward-word.
copy-forward-word
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries
are the same as forward-word.
yank (C-y)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
yank-pop (M-y)
Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works following yank or
yank-pop.
NUMERIC ARGUMENTS
digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--)
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
universal-argument
This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is followed
by one or more digits, option‐ ally with a leading minus sign, those
digits define the argument. If the command is followed by dig‐ its,
executing universal-argument again ends the numeric argument, but is
otherwise ignored. As a spe‐ cial case, if this command is immediately
followed by a character that is neither a digit nor minus sign, the
argument count for the next command is multiplied by four. The argument
count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes
the argument count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
COMPLETING
complete (TAB)
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. Bash attempts
completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $),
username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with
@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of
these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
possible-completions (M-?)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
insert-completions (M-*)
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been
generated by possible-completions.
menu-complete
Similar to complete, but replaces the word to be completed with a single
match from the list of possi‐ ble completions. Repeated execution of
menu-complete steps through the list of possible completions, inserting
each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is
rung (subject to the setting of bell-style) and the original text is
restored. An argument of n moves n positions forward in the list of
matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward through the
list. This command is intended to be bound to TAB, but is unbound by
default.
menu-complete-backward
Identical to menu-complete, but moves backward through the list
of possible completions, as if menu-complete had been given a negative
argument. This command is unbound by default.
delete-char-or-list
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or end of
the line (like delete-char). If at the end of the line, behaves
identically to possible-completions. This command is unbound by
default.
complete-filename (M-/)
Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
possible-filename-completions (C-x /)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a
filename.
complete-username (M-~)
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username.
possible-username-completions (C-x ~)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a
username.
complete-variable (M-$)
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell
variable.
possible-variable-completions (C-x $)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
complete-hostname (M-@)
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname.
possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
complete-command (M-!)
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command
name. Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases,
reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally
executable filenames, in that order.
possible-command-completions (C-x !)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a
command name.
dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against
lines from the history list for possible completion matches.
dabbrev-expand
Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text
against lines from the history list for possible completion matches.
complete-into-braces (M-{)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see Brace
Expansion above).
KEYBOARD MACROS
start-kbd-macro (C-x ()
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
end-kbd-macro (C-x ))
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and
store the definition.
call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in
the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
print-last-kbd-macro ()
Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
inputrc file.
MISCELLANEOUS
re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)
Read in the contents of the inputrc file, and incorporate any bindings
or variable assignments found there.
abort (C-g)
Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject
to the setting of bell-style).
do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...)
If the metafied character x is lowercase, run the command that is bound
to the corresponding uppercase character.
prefix-meta (ESC)
Metafy the next character typed. ESC f is equivalent to Meta-f.
undo (C-_, C-x C-u)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
revert-line (M-r)
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the undo
command enough times to return the line to its initial state.
tilde-expand (M-&)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
set-mark (C-@, M-<space>)
Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark
is set to that position.
exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
character-search (C-])
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
character-search-backward (M-C-])
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of
that character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences.
skip-csi-sequence
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is
bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will have no effect unless
explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stray
characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default,
but usually bound to ESC-[.
insert-comment (M-#)
Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline comment-begin
variable is inserted at the begin‐ ning of the current line. If a
numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if the
characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value of
comment-begin, the value is inserted, otherwise the characters in
comment-begin are deleted from the beginning of the line. In either
case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. The default
value of comment-begin causes this command to make the current line
a shell comment. If a numeric argument causes the comment character to
be removed, the line will be executed by the shell.
glob-complete-word (M-g)
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions.
glob-expand-word (C-x *)
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
and the list of matching file‐ names is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended
before pathname expansion.
glob-list-expansions (C-x g)
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
glob-expand-word is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a numeric
argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
dump-functions
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output
stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in
such a way that it can be made part of an inputrc file.
dump-variables
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
inputrc file.
dump-macros
Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is
formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an inputrc
file.
display-shell-version (C-x C-v)
Display version information about the current instance of bash.